Pier and dock construction.



W. J. BARNEY & A. MVBROTHERS.

PIER AND DOCK CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-2|. I916.

1 ,209, 1 O4: Patented I Dec. 19, 1916.

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W. I. BARNEY & A. M. BROTHERS.

Patentedv Dec. 19,1916

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. is, 1916.

Application filed September 21, 1916. Serial o. 121,395.

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM J. BARNEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, in the county and State of New York, and ARTHUR M. BROTHERS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pier and Dock Constructions, of which the following is a specification.

The invention pertains more particularly to foundations for piers, docks and buildings extending from the shore over the Water of rivers, bays and the like. 7

The foundation structure preferably comprises a series of piles or a series of units of piles upon which are secured grillages which receive suitable concrete or other foundation material, the whole forming a foundation upon which buildings and structures of various kinds may be erected in the completion of the pier or dock.

The present invention refers more particularly to the foundation for the superstructure to be erected, and hence we present our invention herein without special reference to the structure to be erected upon the foundation.

The main objects of our invention are, first, to provide a foundation structure the building of which after the piles have been driven, may be conducted above low water line, so that the expense, delay and annoyance of working under water may be wholly avoided, and, second, to provide a foundation structure having suitable means, such as aprons of reinforced concrete, or other suitable material, extending downwardly along the piles or other supports, spaced therefrom, and below low water line, for protecting such theusual risk of fires, especially those originating from oil or other inflammable substances floating on the water.

Our invention may be carried out in various ways, and we present herein a foundation structure embodying our invention and in its several features indicating variations of arrangement and structure, without however intending to limit the invention to de tails of construction further than the ap pended claims may require. A I

The invention will be fully understood piles or supports against from the detailed description hereinafter presented, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 represents diagrammatically a pier or'dock foundation structure embodying our invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly broken away, of a portion of the same and indicates a bent adjacent to the shore line; Fig. 3 is an end view of the same; Fig. 4 is a central longitudinal section through the same, taken on the dotted line H of Fig. 6; Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section through the same, taken on the dotted line 55 of Fig. 6; Fig. 6 is a top view of the same; Fig. 7 is a side elevation, partly broken away, of one of the units of the pier or dock foundation vertical section through the same, taken on the dotted line 88 of Fig. 10, the pedestal shown in Fig. 8 being omitted from Fig. 10;

Fig. 9 is a vertical section through the same, taken on the dotted line 99 of Fig. 10; Fig. 10 is a top view of the same, the vertical pedestal shown in Figs. 9 7, 8 and 9 being omitted; Fig. 11 is a top view of a portion of one of the units of the structure and illustrates, in top elevation, the grillage applied upon the piles to receive the concrete superposed structure supported by the piles; Fig. 12 is a top view of one series of the supporting piles shown as ready to receive the grillage upon their upper ends, and Fig. 13 is a sectional view, partly broken away, through one of the units of the pier structure and illustrates a modification with respect to the application of the pedestal thereto.

In the drawings, referring to Fig. 1, 15 indicates by dotted lines the outline of a portion of the flooring of a pier or dock extendingover the-water from the shore line 16 and 17, 18, 19 and20 designate in top elevation several foundation units, diagrammatically shown, embodying our invention adapted to receive .the flooring and other superstructure of the pier or dock. The units 17, 18 and 19 differ from each other only in outline, and the units 17 are shown in detail in Figs. 7 to 12 inclusive. The unit 20 is shown in detail in Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive. 7

The unit 20 extends transversely across the entire pier and comprises the series of piles 21 which are driven into the bed of the river or bay or the like in the customary structure; Fig. 8 is a manner, a series of transverse and longitudinal beams 22, 23, respectively, secured to each other and upon the upper ends of the piles 21 and constituting a grillage, and a cap of reinforced concrete applied upon said grillage, this cap being in one integral piece, if desired, or in sections, 24, 25, 26, 27, respectively, as may be found most convenient to form and install. The sections 24, 27 correspond with each other and form the end sections of the cap, and they rest upon the end portion of .the grillage and the end portions of the series of piles 21 and have a fiat upper surface and three depending apron portions 28, 29 which extend downwardly along the side and end portions of the grillage and end piles and also below low water line indicated by the dotted line 30, and are spaced from the upper portions of the piles to leave an unfilled space between the apron and upper portions of the piles. The intermediate sections 25, 26 match the end sections 24, 27 both at their top and side portions, and have no end apron portions 29 but do have side apron portions 31 which match the side apron portions 28 of the end sections 24, 27 and extend downwardly along the grillage and piles and spaced from the piles, as clearly represented in Figs. 2, 4 and 5 to a point below low water line 30. The cap composed of the sections 24, 25, 26, 27, or made in one integral piece, if convenient, closely fits upon the grillage and the upper end portions of the piles, and the apron portions thereof by extending downwardly below low water line, serve to amply protect the grillage and piles against the effects of any fire which might endanger the timber arising from oil or other inflammable material. ignited and fioating upon the water. The piles 21 pro ject upwardly above low water line 30 and the grillage is applied upon the upper ends of the piles, and hence it is obvious that after the piles have been driven their upper ends may be sawed off and the grillage applied above the water, as distinguished from performing this work below water, the accomplishment of this purpose being one of the objects of our invention.

It is difficult to saw off the upper ends of the piles below the water, and also diflicult to apply the grillage below water, and to expedite the work of constructing the foundation and avoid unnecessary expense as well as to make it certain that the work is properly and efiiciently performed, our construction involves the projection of the upper ends of the piles above low water line so that they may be properly treated and the grillage properly applied above water.

The capping of concrete or other suitable material may also be applied above water, and caid capping may be precast and applied upon the grillage and piles, with the use of a suitable derrick, the capping whether made in one piece or in sections, fitting downwardly upon the unit of piles and grillage and resting upon the 'rillage, the lower surface of'the capping being fiat and the upper surface of the grillage having a fiat surface to support the same. Of course we may form the capping whether in sections or in one piece upon the grillage and piles instead of precasting the same, but obviously it is of particular advantage to precast the capping and merely apply it upon the grillage. Upon this capping an supported thereby and by the grillage and piling 21 we may apply a wall 32 of concrete or other suitable material prepared for supporting the flooring and superstructure of the pier and dock.

The units 17 correspond with one another and comprise a series of associated piles 33 arranged to define in cross-section any suitable outline, but in the present instance defining a rectangular outline, and the piles 33 are, like the piles 21, driven into the bed of the river or bay and extend above low water line 30, so that they may, above water, be sawed OE and receive the grillage composed of the transverse and longitudinal beams 34, 35 upon their upper ends. Upon each unit of piles 33 and grillage 34, 35 is applied a cap 36 of reinforced concrete or the like, said cap fitting with rea sonable snugness upon said grillage and having depending apron portions 37 extending downwardly upon the grillage and piling, spaced from the upper portion of the piles, and to a point below low water line 30 so as to protect said grillage and piling, or whatever supports may be employed, against the risk of burning oil or other inflammable substance floating on the water. The caps 36 may be formed directly upon the grillage and piling, but preferably will be precast and lowered upon the grillage and piling of each unit. \Ve preferably form a recess 38 in the tops of the caps 36 and therein locate a pedestal 39 of reinforced concrete or other suitable material, said pedestal resting directly on the grill age 34, 35 and being housed in its lower portions by the walls of the recess 38 in the cap 36. The pedestals 39 will preferably be of the same height and also of the same height as thewall 32 so that the foundation may afford a uniform base for a flooring and the superstructure of the pier or dock. The units 17 correspond substantially with the unit 20, except that they are separated from one another and do not. extend transversely entirely across the pier. The units 18, 19 correspond in struc ture with the units 17, but differ therefrom in outline, the units 18 being hexagonal and the units 19 circular instead of rectangular or of the outline of the units 17 in horizontal. section.

In 13 we illustrate one of the units of the foundation as composed of piling 40, f

grillage beams 41, 42, concrete cap 43 fitting upon said grillage and piling and pedestal 44 connected with the cap 43 by suitable bolts or stays 45. The unit shown in Fig. 13 maybe considered to be a modification of the units 17 in that the pedestal 44 of Fig. 13 rests. directly upon the top of the solid cap 43 instead of being seated within the recess 38 of the cap 36 of the unit 17. In other respects the unit shown in Fig. 13 corresponds with the unit 17 shown in Fig. 8.

In all of the constructions presented as embracing our invention, the upper ends of the piles are above low water line and the work applied upon them may be performed above the water, and this is one of the important features of the invention. It is obvious also that in all of the constructions presented the upper ends of the piling and the grillage or whatever the supports may be for the superstructure are protected against the effects of fire floating on the water, the supporting timbers being thus rendered fire-proof or guarded against becoming ignited. The concrete caps extend below low water line and they, in cross-section, afford right-angularly shaped aprons Whose horizontal members rest upon the grillage and whose vertical members extend downwardly along the edges of the grillage and upper ends of the piles, spaced from the upper portions of the piles, and toa point below low water line. We may make the aprons which guard the grillage and piles against fire of material other than concrete, but we prefer to use reinforced concrete for this purpose. We also preferably have the piles of each series or unit separated from one another so as to permit of a proper fiow of the water between the piles.

The foundation structure will comprise as many of the units hereinbefore described as may be desired or found necessary, and said units may be continuous, as indicated by the unit 20, instead of being spaced apart. We do not limit our invention to the arrangement of the piling, since the piling will be driven in the usual manner, but in this instance shall extend above low water line so that the upper ends of the same may be sawed off above water and receive the grillages and fire-proof aprons above water. The pedestals 39 or walls, such as 32, may, of course, vary in dimensions and outline in accordance with the particular superstructure to be erected upon the foundation.

It will be observed that the depending fire shield apron is spaced from the upper portions of the piles, leaving an unfilled space between the apron and the upper portions of the piles, said dependent apron being supported by the grillage and independently of the face of the piling or of any ribbon or timber thereon. The unfilled space between the apron and the upper portions of the piles is provided to relieve the apron from disintegration, rupture or shearing by lateral movements or swaying of the piles or individual members of the cluster of piles, which swaying or movement has a tendency to fracture or disintegrate concrete where the piles are embedded in concrete or where the protecting concrete is closely adhered or fastened to or along the supporting structure, whereas our special structure and combination effectually avoid injury to the concrete by any normal lateral swaying or movement of the supports therefor. F urthermore it will be observed that the grillage described not only distributes the pier stresses but also separates the bearing surfaces of the concrete caps from the ends of the piles so that the piles are at no point embedded in concrete, and thus the life of the concrete caps with their depending aprons is materially prolonged.

What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. A foundation structure for docks, piers and the like comprising supports extending from the bed of the water to a point above low water line, a flooring or grillage thereon and a fireproof apron constituting a portion of the structure and extending downwardly from above said flooring or grillage to a point below low water line, said apron being spaced from the upper portions of the supports to leave an unfilled space between the apron and upper portions of the supports and thereby insure the apron against injury by lateral movements of the supports,

and said apron being adapted to shield the structure from the risk of fire floating on the water.

2. A foundation structure for docks, piers and the like comprising piles driven into the bed of the water and extending upwardly to a point above low water line, a grillage secured upon and connecting the piles, and a concrete apron resting upon the grillage and extending downwardly in front of the piles to a point below low water line, said grillage supporting the concrete above the ends of the piles and the apron being spaced from the upper portions of the piles to a point below low water line and thereby insuring the apron against injury by lateral movements of the piles, and said apron being adapted to shield the grillage and piles from the risk of fire floating on the water.

3. A foundation structure for docks, piers and the like comprising a series of foundation units each consisting of a series of piles driven into the bed of the water and at their upper ends being above low water line, a grillage mounted on and connecting the plles and constituting a covering to support a concrete cap above the upper ends of the piles, and a concrete cap mounted on the grillage and extending downwardly in front of the upper portions of the piles to a point below low water line and spaced from the piles to insure the depending concrete against injury by lateral movements'of the piles.

4;. A foundation structure for docks, piers and the like comprising a series of foundation units ecah consisting of a series of piles driven into thebed of the water and at their upper ends being above low water line, a grillage mounted on and connecting the piles of each unit, a reinforced concrete cap mounted on the grillage and extending downwardly in front of the upper ends of the piles to a point below low water line and a pedestal upon each unit affording foundation structure, the concrete cap being spaced from the upper ends of the piles, and an unfilled space being left between the depending portions of the cap and the piles to insure such portions against injury by lateral movements of the piles.

5. A foundation structure for docks, piers and the like comprising a series of foundation units each conslstlng of a serles of piles driven into the bed of the water and at their upper ends being above low water line, a grillage mounted on and connecting the piles of each unit, a reinforced concrete cap mounted on the grillage and extending downwardly in front of the upper ends of the piles to a point below low water line, and a pedestal upon each unit afiording foundation structure, said cap having a re cess in its top and said pedestal being fitted to and located at its lower end within said recess, and an unfilled space being left between the depending portion of the cap and the supporting piling to insure such portion against injury by lateral movements of the piles. v

Signed at New York city, in the county and State of New York, this 19th day of September, 1916.

WVILLlAlW JOSHUA BARNEY.

ARTHUR M. BROTHERS.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR MARION, CHAS. C. GiLL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patent:. Washington, D. G. 

